Arthritis: Signs, Symptoms and Treatment in Nigeria

Arthritis means pain and swelling in one or more joints. It is one of the most common causes of long-term pain and disability, and it affects young people as well as older adults. Arthritis can’t always be cured, but the right treatment can control pain and keep you active. Here are the signs and symptoms, the main types, and how arthritis is treated in Nigeria.

Signs and symptoms of arthritis

• Joint pain that may come and go or be constant
• Stiffness, especially in the morning or after sitting for a while
• Swelling, warmth or tenderness around a joint
• Reduced movement or difficulty using a joint
• Grating or cracking when the joint moves
• Tiredness, fever or weight loss with some types

Common types of arthritis

Osteoarthritis is the most common type. The cartilage that cushions the ends of bones wears down, usually in the knees, hips, hands and spine. It is more common with age, excess weight and past joint injuries.

Rheumatoid arthritis happens when the immune system attacks the joints. It usually affects small joints in the hands and feet on both sides of the body, with morning stiffness lasting more than 30 minutes. Early treatment helps prevent joint damage.

Gout causes sudden attacks of severe pain, redness and swelling, often in the big toe. It is caused by uric acid crystals and is linked to alcohol, red meat, sugary drinks and being overweight.

Septic (infectious) arthritis is a joint infection. A hot, swollen, very painful joint with fever is a medical emergency.

Arthritis treatment in Nigeria

Treatment depends on the type of arthritis, so the first step is to see a doctor for a diagnosis. They may examine you and request blood tests or X-rays, and may refer you to a rheumatologist or orthopaedic specialist.

1. Pain relief medicines

• Paracetamol for mild pain.
• Anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen, diclofenac and naproxen reduce pain and swelling. They can cause stomach ulcers and bleeding, raise blood pressure and harm the kidneys, so use the lowest dose for the shortest time and take them with food. Speak to a doctor before using them regularly.
• Anti-inflammatory gels and creams rubbed on the joint can help knee and hand pain with fewer side effects.

2. Medicines for specific types

• Rheumatoid arthritis: disease-modifying drugs (DMARDs) such as methotrexate, hydroxychloroquine and sulfasalazine slow the disease. They need a prescription and regular blood tests.
• Gout: colchicine or NSAIDs treat attacks, and allopurinol lowers uric acid to prevent future attacks.
• Steroid injections into a joint can ease a painful flare.

3. Exercise and physiotherapy

Regular, gentle exercise such as walking, swimming and strengthening exercises is one of the best treatments for osteoarthritis. A physiotherapist can show you exercises that protect your joints. See the benefits of exercise.

4. Weight loss

Every kilogram lost takes pressure off the knees and hips, and can noticeably reduce pain.

5. Surgery

Joint replacement, usually of the hip or knee, may be offered when pain is severe and other treatments haven’t helped.

Avoid unregulated painkillers and “arthritis cures”

Some pain medicines and herbal mixtures sold without prescription contain hidden steroids or unknown doses of painkillers. Long-term use can cause stomach bleeding, kidney damage, diabetes and other problems. Glucosamine and other supplements have little evidence of benefit. Speak to a doctor or pharmacist before trying any product.

When to see a doctor urgently

• A hot, red, swollen joint with fever
• Sudden severe joint pain after an injury
• Joint pain with a rash, or with swelling in several joints

Reliance HMO members can book a consultation at a Reliance Family Clinic. Read more about preventive care.

Frequently asked questions

What is the best drug for arthritis in Nigeria?
There is no single best drug. Paracetamol, anti-inflammatory tablets or gels, and for rheumatoid arthritis, DMARDs such as methotrexate, are commonly used. The right choice depends on the type of arthritis and your health, so see a doctor.

Can arthritis be cured?
Most types can’t be cured, but treatment controls symptoms well. Septic arthritis can be cured with prompt antibiotics, and gout can be kept under control.

Is walking good for arthritis?
Yes. Regular walking strengthens the muscles around the joints and can reduce pain and stiffness.

This article is for general information and does not replace advice from your doctor.

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