What is gestational diabetes?
Gestational diabetes develops during pregnancy. Hormonal changes can contribute to the body's inability to produce enough insulin. People with gestational diabetes have an increased risk of complications during pregnancy. They are also at risk of developing Type 2 diabetes later in life.
What are the symptoms?
Most women are usually asymptomatic, but some of the common symptoms of gestational diabetes include:
Increased thirst and hunger
Frequent urination
Fatigue
What are the causes?
Here are some risk factors that contribute to gestational diabetes:
A personal or family history of diabetes.
Insulin resistance: During pregnancy, the placenta releases hormones that interfere with insulin function in the body. Insulin resistance increases the body's need for insulin. Pregnant women with gestational diabetes cannot overcome insulin resistance because their pancreas cannot produce enough insulin to regulate blood glucose.
Hormonal imbalance
Pre-diabetes
Pre-existing medical conditions: Women with pre-existing conditions like polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and heart conditions are more susceptible to gestational diabetes.
How is it diagnosed?
It is usually diagnosed through prenatal screening between 24 and 28 weeks of pregnancy and goes away after the baby is born in some instances. To diagnose gestational diabetes, the doctor will order either of the following tests or both:
Glucose Screening (Challenge) Test: A sweet liquid will be given to the patient. After an hour, a blood test will be taken. If 140mg/dL or higher, the patient will be required to return for an oral glucose tolerance test.
The oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) measures fasting blood glucose within 8 hours. Patients are required to drink a sweet liquid, after which the healthcare professional draws blood every 2 to 3 hours.
How can it be treated or managed?
Pregnant women diagnosed with gestational diabetes will need more frequent checkups during pregnancy. Prenatal visits are an essential management strategy for diabetes in pregnancy.
Diet: Make healthy food choices. Focus on fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Watch portion sizes.
Blood Sugar Monitoring: Regular monitoring, especially during antenatal visits, would help to track glucose levels and adjust management strategies.
Regular Physical Activity: Regular exercise, like brisk walking, lowers blood sugar levels and reduces chances of weight gain while increasing sensitivity to insulin. Check with the doctor about appropriate physical activity to partake in during pregnancy.
Women with diabetes typically have more prenatal visits to check fetal growth (via ultrasound), monitor weight gain, and discuss how well sugar is being controlled. Do not hesitate to communicate concerns with the obstetrician.
