High blood pressure (hypertension) is one of the most common health problems in Nigeria, and one of the most dangerous, because it usually has no symptoms. Many people only find out they have it after a stroke, heart attack or kidney damage. The good news: it is easy to check, and it can be controlled.
This guide covers what blood pressure numbers mean, the causes and risk factors, symptoms, complications and how hypertension is treated and managed.
Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of your arteries as your heart pumps. It is measured in millimetres of mercury (mmHg) and written as two numbers:
Hypertension means your blood pressure stays too high over time. A single high reading is not enough for a diagnosis; your doctor will check it on different days.
| Category | Systolic (top) | Diastolic (bottom) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Normal | Below 120 | and | Below 80 |
| Elevated | 120–129 | and | Below 80 |
| High (stage 1) | 130–139 | or | 80–89 |
| High (stage 2) | 140 or higher | or | 90 or higher |
| Hypertensive crisis: get urgent care | Above 180 | and/or | Above 120 |
These categories come from the American Heart Association. The World Health Organization and many doctors in Nigeria diagnose hypertension at 140/90 mmHg or higher. Either way, a reading of 130/80 or above is a signal to talk to your doctor and make lifestyle changes.
Most hypertension has no single cause and develops over years. Your risk is higher if you:
Sometimes high blood pressure is caused by another condition, such as kidney disease, hormone problems or some medicines. This is called secondary hypertension. Pregnancy can also cause high blood pressure, including pre-eclampsia, which needs close monitoring.
Most people with hypertension feel completely well. That is why regular checks matter. When blood pressure is very high, some people notice:
If you have these symptoms with a very high reading, or signs of a stroke such as face drooping, arm weakness or slurred speech, go to the hospital immediately. Read about the warning signs of stroke.
For most people, hypertension is a lifelong condition, but it can be controlled very well. Many people bring their blood pressure down with lifestyle changes alone, and others need medicine as well. Controlling it greatly lowers your risk of stroke, heart and kidney disease.
Cut down on salt. Aim for less than 5 g of salt a day (about one teaspoon), including what is already in food. Use fewer seasoning cubes, taste before adding salt, and flavour food with herbs, spices, onions, garlic and pepper instead.
Eat more fruit and vegetables. They are rich in potassium, which helps balance the effect of salt. See breakfasts to help lower blood pressure and Nigerian foods that are good for your heart.
Move more. Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate activity a week, such as brisk walking.
Keep a healthy weight. Losing even a few kilograms can lower blood pressure.
Limit alcohol and stop smoking.
Manage stress and sleep well. See how to get better sleep.
Take your medicine every day. If your doctor prescribes blood pressure medicine, take it even when you feel well. Do not stop it, change the dose or replace it with herbal remedies without speaking to your doctor. Stopping suddenly can be dangerous.
Check your blood pressure regularly. Adults should have it checked at least once a year, more often if it is high or you have risk factors. A home blood pressure monitor can help you and your doctor track it.
Managing hypertension means regular check-ups and daily medicines. Many plans treat high blood pressure you already had before joining as a pre-existing condition. On Reliance HMO’s personal plans, ongoing hypertension care is covered through an active pre-existing condition extension. Learn more about pre-existing conditions.
What is a normal blood pressure?
Below 120/80 mmHg.
Is hypertension genetic?
It often runs in families, but lifestyle plays a big part. If your parents have high blood pressure, check yours regularly from a young age.
Is hypertension a heart disease?
Hypertension is a condition of the blood vessels, but it is a major cause of heart disease, heart failure and stroke.
Can young people have high blood pressure?
Yes. Hypertension is increasingly common in young adults in Nigeria, especially with a family history, excess weight or high salt intake.
Planning ahead? An HMO plan can cover regular check-ups, tests and medicines for long-term conditions. See what an HMO is and how it works and how much it costs.
This article is for general information and does not replace advice from your doctor.
